Understanding Academic Writing

This blog is written on the Academic Writing Videos by Atanu Bhattacharya and Kalyan Chattopadhyay, as part of the Ph.D. Coursework Task assigned by Dr. Dilip P. Barad Sir.

Defining Academic Writing: 

Academic writing is a formal style of writing used for papers, theses, and publications in journals. It differs from informal writing through its adherence to specific formal features. It is characterised by objective language, meaning it aims to present information in an unbiased way. We also have to in account that the use of Strong language, Technical terms and Jargons also Doesn't means that what is Presented is of very Good Quality, for example how Alan Sokal makes fun of Strong academic Language by Writing Article like Transgressing the boundaries: Towards a transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity. 

A key feature of Academic Writing  is cautious language or hedging, which involves avoiding strong, definitive statements and instead using phrases that indicate possibility or suggestion (e.g., "it seems," "perhaps," "may not be"). This caution stems from the nature of research, which often explores new areas or interpretations, and aims to avoid presenting findings as absolute truths.

Academic writing also frequently uses the passive voice and relies heavily on references and citations to attribute ideas and information to their original sources. These features collectively create a tone that is considered appropriate for academic discourse.

Structure and Organisation: 

As Mentioned in the Video by Atanu Bhattacharya, He Presents Swales’s CARS Model for the Organising the Academic Writing as Mostly similar pattern is Followed

• Definition
• Purpose
• Justification
• Literature Review
• Method
• Argument
• Conclusion

Effective academic writing typically organises text into paragraphs, with each paragraph developing a specific aspect or idea related to the overall topic. A well-structured paragraph begins with a topic sentence or sentences that introduce the main problem or idea of that paragraph. This is followed by supporting sentences that develop the topic by providing evidence, examples, research findings, or arguments. These supporting sentences are crucial for backing up the claim made in the topic sentence. The paragraph concludes with a concluding sentence. It is important that the concluding sentence does not simply repeat the topic sentence. Instead, it should summarise the argument presented in the supporting sentences and demonstrate the progression of thought or how the discussion leads to a particular point or conclusion within that paragraph.

Signalling expressions (such as "initially," "as a result," "however," "although," "because of," "therefore") are words or phrases used to indicate the relationship between different ideas or sections of text. They help guide the reader through the argument and show the flow or structure of the writing. However, the sources advise using signalling expressions cautiously and selectively. Overusing them can suggest that the argument is not inherently well-structured and that the writer is merely trying to link disparate points. They are most effective when used to indicate shifts from one argument to another or when presenting a sequence of evidence. Excessive use might even prompt reviewers to request revisions.

Critical Writing: 

Writing critically in an academic context means making the best possible use of the material you have consulted. The process of critical writing involves careful thought, analysis, comparison, and decision-making. It requires actively questioning existing opinions or arguments, even those from established critics. You analyse the key elements of these opinions and compare them with views from other sources.

Based on this analysis and comparison, you make a decision about whether to accept, reject, or modify an argument or perspective. Accepting and including the ideas doesnt mean you take it as it is but you have to paraphrase it. You have to change your vocabulary and to establish your "own voice" in your writing. 

Literature Review and Justification: 

The literature review is a fundamental part of academic writing and research, serving several key roles in justifying your research questions and arguments. It involves reading widely in your field to understand existing knowledge, identify key concepts and definitions, and examine the arguments and perspectives of other scholars. By engaging with the literature, you demonstrate that you are aware of what has already been studied related to your topic.

The literature review helps justify your research questions by showing a gap in existing knowledge or an area that needs further exploration or a different perspective. It helps to situate your research within the broader academic conversation, showing how your work builds upon or diverges from previous studies.

Research Methods (as discussed):

 The Triangulation Method was discussed by Atanu Bhatacharya , particularly in the social sciences but Still it is also a Useful Method in the Humanities, as a way to determine causality by examining a topic from three different angles like Methods, Theory and Databases. This could involve using different types of data, theoretical frameworks, or research methods. The process of triangulation, by bringing together multiple perspectives, contributes to the analysis and interpretation presented in the academic writing.

Clarity and Accessibility: 

Clarity and accessibility are considered important qualities of good academic writing. While academic writing uses formal and specific vocabulary, the sources caution against making the writing overly technical or full of jargon that only a very small number of experts can understand. Writing that is difficult to read or understand can be ineffective, even if published in prestigious journals. The goal is to ensure that your message, analysis, and arguments reach your intended audience effectively. This means using precise language but defining necessary technical terms clearly, potentially drawing on definitions used by others or providing your own. Avoiding "technical mumbo jumbo" is essential for the writing to have impact and be readable.

Key Learnings and Application: 

There were many Important Takeaways from the videos that added up to the information of Academic Writing. Some of the points are Distinguishing Your Own Voice, Triangulation Method, The case study of Science Fiction study in India given by Atanu Bhatacharya. The Informal and Formal Use of vocabulary.